Conventional distillation of essential oils can induce physical changes in plant tissues. Therefore, it is crucial toconduct a morphological analysis of the Eucalyptus pellita leaf surface after extraction to assess the extent of structural alteration and its possible correlation with the efficiency of essential oil release. This study aimedtocharacterize and compare morphological alterations in the leaf surface of Eucalyptus pellita leaves usingtwoprevalent methods: steam distillation (SD) and hydrodistillation (HD). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) andEnergy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) were employed to analyze untreated and post-extraction leaves. SEMobservations showed that untreated leaves exhibited intact, rounded oil glands and a rough cuticular surface. Post- extraction, both methods cause significant microstructural damage with a distinct pattern. Leaves frompost-SDdisplayed a smoother, more homogeneous surface due to partial melting of the cuticular wax layer, accompaniedbymoderate tissue disruption. Conversely, HD induced more severe damage, characterized by the formation of distinct pores and cavities resulting from epidermal degradation and rupture of oil glands. EDX analysis indicated a decreasein nitrogen content and an increase in oxygen concentration after extraction, suggesting oxidative reactions duringthe distillation. Both extraction methods altered the surface morphology of Eucalyptus pellita leaves; however, hydrodistillation resulted in more pronounced cell wall degradation than steam distillation. This study providesnovel evidence that differentiates the microstructural physical impacts of post-extraction Eucalyptus pellita leaves. The morphological analysis provides a basis for evaluating and selecting extraction methods based on their tissue- altering effects.