Drainage infrastructure constitutes an essential component of the built environment and plays a vital role inthedisposal of wastewater and storm runoff. This study examined drainage infrastructure deficiencies and their perceived public health impact on the sustainable environment with the aim of contributing to the achievement of 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Ota community, Southwest Nigeria. The study adopted a cross- sectional quantitative survey method, while stratified and systematic sampling techniques were employed to select residential sectors, buildings and respondents for questionnaire administration. A total of 280 questionnaires wereadministered. The findings revealed that 53.1% of respondents reported inadequacy and absence of drainageinfrastructure with associated problems in the form of standing water, slow flow, blockages, stormwater overflow, erosion, and flooding. Findings also identified the perceived health hazards caused by drainage deficiencies. Thehealth challenges analysed ranged from low to high prevalence. Similarly, Pearson chi-square values of 85.3, 49.47and 79.80 exceeded the critical value (24.996), indicating a statistically significant relationship in each of theresidential zones. The p-value in the three residential zones (which is less than 0.05) further confirms the statistical relationship between the prevalence of public health impacts and drainage deficiencies. This study contributes totheexpanding body of knowledge on the relationship between urban drainage infrastructure and public health, as well asthe critical need for improved drainage planning, funding, and proper maintenance to reduce the public healthriskassociated with inadequate drainage infrastructure. These strategies are expected to enhance public health outcomesand also promote Sustainable Cities and Communities in line with the SDG (Goal-11), specifically Target 11.5, which seeks to improve resilient infrastructure and help mitigate the negative impact of disasters, including urbanflooding.